Notes+Fabien+and+WooChang+Leukemia


 * HOME || CAUSE || EFFECTS || TREATMENT || PREVENTION || DEATHRATE OF LEUKEMIA || NOTES || MLA ||

=RESEARCH= =QUESTION:= ||< How you get the disease - genetic? lifestyle? Can you 'catch it'? ||
 * < **Citation** (title, author, publication, date, URL, etc.) ||< FAQs - LEUKEMIA, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, 2000, [|www.faqs.org/health/Sick-V3/Leukemia.html]

Leukemia, Dorothy Schainman Siegel and David E. Newton, Watts, 1994 || (include the words or phrases from keyword searches) ||< What causes Leukemia ||
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 * Try to find a short effective quote ||< No one really knows the cause for leukemia, but researchers have shown suspicion about 5 possible causes:

- Radiation - The term "radiation" refers to various forms of energy, such as X rays and ultraviolet (UV) light found in sunlight. Radiation can tear chemicals apart, thus damaging or destroying cells. Some researchers believe that exposure to radiation can cause some forms of leukemia.

 - Immune deficiency - The immune system's degradation can cause leukemia because the white blood cell cannot resist the foreign cells well enough. - Chemicals - Some types of chemicals are known to be carcinogens (pronounced car-SIN-o-genz). A carcinogen is anything that can cause cancer. Chemicals can cause cancer by damaging cells and the substances within them.

- Viruses - Some researchers believe that some types of leukemia are viral infections. A virus is a very small organism that can cause a disease. The link between viruses and leukemia is strong in some cases, but it has not been proved.

- Genetic factors - Leukemia tends to occur in some families more commonly than in others. This suggests that at least some forms of leukemia may be hereditary. || - cause - picture - cause - picture - etc. ||
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=RESEARCH= =QUESTION:= || What effects does the disease have on your body, including signs and symptoms? || (include the words or phrases from keyword searches) || Effect on the body, sign, and symptoms of Leukemia. || Fever, chills, and other flu-like symptoms Frequent infections Swollen or tender lymph nodes, liver, or spleen Easily bruising, bleeding, swelling, and sweating at night Loss of appetite and/or weight Weakness and fatigue Tiny red spots called petechiae under the skin Bone or joint pain Coughing, shortness of breath An enlarged, painless testicle Difficulty with maintaining balance Easily Blurred vision Seizures, vomiting Takes longer time for minor cuts to be cured
 * **Citation** (title, author, publication, date, URL, etc.) || Symptoms, Diana Campbell, [|www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/cancer/van1/vwtreatments.htm] ||
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weakness and fatigue weight loss fever bone pain a feeling of fullness or pain in the abdomen especially after a small meal __//However, there is a smaller percentage of people who do not have any of these symptoms at all//__.
 * __Chronic Leukemia__**

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 * Symptoms of leukemia may be associated with other cancers. ** ||
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=RESEARCH= =QUESTION:= || What is the treatment for the disease? Is there a cure? || (include the words or phrases from keyword searches) || time and methods to treat leaukemia || **Acute Leukemia** This type of Leukemia must be treated as soon as possible because it progresses really rapidly. The main objective of treatment is to bring about remission, leaving no trace of the disease. During remission, more therapy is given to the patient to prevent relapse. Therefore, if people are treated early, then many people with acut leukemia can be cured. **Chronic leukemia** This type of leukemia doesn't really need an immediate treatment because disease progression is slower than acute leukemia. However, it is imperative for those with this type of leukemia to have frequent checkups in order to monitor the disease. The treatment is usually promoted with the purpose of controlling disease and symtpoms.
 * **Citation** (title, author, publication, date, URL, etc.) || How Do you Treat Leukemia?, Diana Campbell, [|www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/cancer/van1/vwtreatments.htm] ||
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Methods of treatment **Biological therapy** is treatment with substances that affect the immune system's response to cancer. Interferon, a drug used against some types of leukemia, is a form of biological therapy. Biological therapy or immunotherapy uses the body’s immune system to fight cancer, using antibodies to target and destroy leukemia cells
 * Chemotherapy** is given in cycles, a treatment period followed by a recovery period, then another treatment period and so on. Anticancer drugs reach all areas of your body through your bloodstream. Chemotherapy destroys cancer cells by stopping them from growing or multiplying. Some healthy cells are destroyed as well, which is what causes the side effects, but normal cells are often able to repair themselves after treatment. Different types of drugs are used for the different types of leukemia.


 * Surgery** is less likely to be considered for sufferers of leukemia because leukemia cells are spread throughout the body, therefore making it extremely difficult to target one specific area and destroy the cells there. However, in some cases surgery is done to remove the spleen. The spleen may be removed because blood cells have accumulated, causing the spleen to swell and displace other organs in the abdomen.


 * Radiation** is treatment with high-energy rays that destroy cancer cells. Sometimes it is used for leukemia in the central nervous system or testicles as well as for pain caused by bone destruction. However, radiation is not the primary treatment for leukemia. In high doses radiation therapy kills cells or keeps them from growing and dividing. Radiation therapy is helpful in treating cancer because cancer cells reproduce faster than most normal cells. The biggest problem is that radiation does kill normal cells along with the cancer cells.


 * Bone Marrow Transplants** are probably the best bet for a cure in many cases of leukemia. Doctors perform this procedure when leukemia is in remission or when the patient relapses during or after treatment. Patients are given a bone marrow transplant so that their body can be given higher doses of chemotherapy drugs that would not be tolerated otherwise. Chemotherapy destroys cancer cells but it also kills normal cells in the bone marrow, making the bone marrow transplant necessary in order to make up for the destruction of normal cells.


 * Innovative treatments** are also available to patients with leukemia and have brought about exciting results. Just recently, researchers conducted a clinical trial using a new drug, STI-571, which offers greater hope for those who suffer from chronic leukemia. In the past patients with chronic leukemia had a low survival rate - less than 20 percent - according to the Oregon Cancer Center Leukemia Program. This special new drug is a pill that patients take daily, however it is different from chemotherapy in that it does not kill healthy cells along with the cancer cells. STI-571 specifically targets an enzyme found only in leukemia cells, therefore patients suffer fewer side effects. In the tests done by Dr. Brian Druker associate professor of medicine at Oregon Health Sciences University, 19 of 29 patients responded positively to therapy, meaning their bone marrow cell abnormalities were reduced to 15 percent.

Curing leukemia is a difficult battle to endure, however there //is// hope. With recent developments in cancer treatment, new and better ways to fight leukemia are available. The most common treatment includes chemotherapy followed by a bone marrow transplant. However, an important dilemma facing Native Americans is the lack of bone marrow donors in the Bone Marrow Donor Program registry, which has only 1% Native Americans. || - cause - picture - cause - picture - etc. ||
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=RESEARCH= =QUESTION:= || Can you protect yourself from getting this disease, or make choices that will reduce your chances of getting it? ||
 * **Citation** (title, author, publication, date, URL, etc.) || Leukemia - Prevention, Healthwise, WebMD, 2005-2009, []

Leukemia Prevention, Lisa Fayed, Reviewed by the Medical Review boeard, About. com, 2006, [] || (include the words or phrases from keyword searches) || Protecting yourself from Leukemia, prevention ||
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 * Try to find a short effective quote || **Unfortunately,** most cases of leukemia cannot be prevented. We have yet to identify real, known causes and risk factors for leukemia, so preventing leukemia is not really possible at this time.

Researchers have identified a few risk factors for certain types of leukemia:


 * **Cigarette smoking.** If you smoke cigarettes, now is the time to quit. Smoking puts you at risk for many types of cancer, including acute myelogenous leukemia. 1 in every 4 cases of AML is linked to smoking.
 * **Exposure to benzene.** Benzene is a chemical by product of coal and petroleum. It is used mainly is gasoline, however is contained in other things such as paints, solvents, plastics, pesticides and detergents. People who work in the manufacturing of these products may be putting themselves at risk for leukemia.
 * **Previous chemotherapy or radiation treatment.** People who have been treated for other types of cancer with chemotherapy and radiation therapy have a slightly increased risk factor for developing leukemia.

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=RESEARCH= =QUESTION:= || What is the death rate of Leukemia? || (include the words or phrases from keyword searches) || to find out the death rate of Leukemia ||
 * **Citation** (title, author, publication, date, URL, etc.) || Cancer, Joann Ellison Rodgers, Chelsea house, 1990 ||
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 * Try to find a short effective quote || About 18000 people in the United States will die of leukemia in 1989. Of the 27300 people who will be diagnosed as habing the disease, some 25000 will be adults and 2300 will be children.

 Overall, the 5-years survival rate for white patients is 33%; for black patients it is 28%. These figures, however, are due in part to the poor surbial rate of those with a few types of leukemia such as acute leukemia. Death rate statistic of Leukemia  23,300 estimated deaths for leukemia in the US 2004 1,300 deaths in men from leukemia in Canada 2004  990 deaths in women from leukemia in Canada 2004 8 per 100,000 deaths in men from leukemia in Canada 2004 4 per 100,000 deaths in women from leukemia in Canada 2004 so men are more likely to die than women <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Survival rate statistic of Leukemia <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">48% of white people survive 5 years for leukemia in the US 1992-99 39% of African American people survive 5 years for leukemia in the US 1992-99 46% survive 5 years for leukemia in the US 1992-99 1-year survival rate for men aged 15-99 with leukaemia is 57.4% <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1-year survival rate for women aged 15-99 with leukaemia is 55.5% || - cause - picture - cause - picture - etc. ||
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