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** Internet Resource 1: How Colds Are Spread ** Cold viruses grow mainly in the nose where they multiply in nasal cells and are present in large quantities in the nasal fluid of people with colds. Cold viruses could also be spread with exhaled droplets. Nasal secretions containing cold viruses contaminate the hands of people with colds as a result of nose blowing, covering sneezes, and touching the nose. Young children are the major reservoir of cold viruses and a particularly good source of virus containing nasal secretions. Experiments have demonstrated that a cold virus readily transfers from the skin and hands of a cold sufferer to the hands and fingers of another person during periods of brief contact. Also, cold viruses readily transfer to the hands as a result of touching contaminated objects and surfaces. Virus on the fingers is transferred into the nose and eye by finger-to-nose and finger-to-eye contact. Virus deposited in the eye directly goes down the tear duct into the nose. In some instances, cold virus, which is released into the air in coughs and sneezes, may land in the nose or eye and cause infection. ** Reducing the Risk of Spreading Colds **

Limit contact with known people who have a cold, especially during the first three days.
 * Reducing the Risk of Catching a Cold **

** Hand Washing ** Hand washing removes cold viruses from the skin of the hand and fingers. Cold virus is removed by the mechanical action of washing. Ordinary soaps and detergents do not inactivate cold virus but help in its removal from the hand. Hand washing is particularly important after contact with young children with colds. (Germicidal hand lotions do not reliably kill rhinovirus, the most important cold virus.)

What IS the common cold:
A common cold is an illness caused by a virus infection. Colds also involve the sinuses, ears, and bronchial tubes. The symptoms of a common cold include sneezing, runny nose, nasal obstruction, sore or scratchy throat, cough, hoarseness, and mild general symptoms like headache, feverishness, chilliness, and not feeling well in general. Colds last on average for one week. Mild colds may last only 2 or 3 days while severe colds may last for up to 2 weeks. Adults average 2 to 3 colds per year and children 6 to 10, depending on their age and exposure. Children's noses are the major source of cold viruses. Site - [] []

– “The Disease Book” by (Margaret O.Hyde and Elizabeth H.Forsyth, M.D.)
 * Book Notes** 1

Cold viruses grows mainly in the nose Viruses in the nose increases in nasal cells Cold viruses is often spread by coughs and sneezes Nasal with cold viruses contaminate people with cold from nose blowing, covering sneezes, and touching the nose. You should keep your hands out of your eyes and your nose Hand washing is especially important after contact with a cold sufferer Object and surfaces are usually contaminated with cold viruses Hand washing removes cold viruses from the skin Avoid having cold sufferers to prevent from cold viruses A common cold is a virus infection from your nose Colds last on average for one week There are over 100 different cold viruses Cold viruses live only in the noses of humans and not in animals You can know that you are infected in a cold virus when you wake up having a soar throat and a shiver Covering your mouth when you sneeze can prevent you from infecting colds to others To recover from a cold virus, you should sleep, drink lots of water, eat fruits and vegetables The most major prevention for common cold to spread is washing your hands often because research have shown that cold virus can be spread by hand contacts from people.

-“Common Cold and Flu”- Published by “Enslow”, authors by Alvin, Virginia, and Robert Silverstein. Printed in the USA What is the Common Cold: It is a viral disease caused from one of about 200 cold viruses. Who gets the Common cold: All races, all ages, and all genders. How to get the Common Cold: By coming in contact with virus-contaminated people or things; by breathing air that contains cold viruses. The usual symptoms of Common Cold: Scratchy throat, runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, cough, hoarseness, reduced sense of smell/taste, fever, tiredness. How to treat to Common Cold: REST. Drink plenty of fluids, keep warm, and maybe some cough medicines. How to Prevent the Common Cold: Avoiding close contact with people with colds or with things they touched; WASHING HANDS REGULARLY; Have sensing diet, exercise, and keeping clean. (Use tissues when possible.)
 * Book Notes 2**

Most colds are caused by viruses called **rhinoviruses** that are in invisible droplets in the air you breathe or on things you touch. More than 100 rhinoviruses exist that could harm the human body. No one knows exactly why people become infected with colds at certain times. But sitting or sleeping in a draft, not dressing warmly when it's chilly, or going outside with wet hair will not cause someone to catch a cold. Air that's dry, whether it’s indoors or out — can lower resistance to infection by viruses, though. So can allergies, lack of sleep, stress, not eating properly. These could all cause colds.
 * Internet Resource 2: What Causes Colds? **
 * What Causes Colds? **

Effects of common cold?
Cold symptoms usually appear 2 or 3 days after a person gets infected. People are contagious for the first 3 or 4 days after the symptoms appear and may be contagious for up to 3 weeks. Although some colds can stay for as long as 2 weeks, most clear up within a week.

Treatment to Common Cold?
Many medicines were designed to ease the symptoms of the cold, not CURE it. Also, some people find that cold medications can cause stomach upset or make them feel dizzy, tired, or unable to sleep. All a person really need is drinking enough warm fluids, and getting enough sleep, since the illness is a virus, and should be left alone to “finish” its job. (If you have a cold, you //should// **//not//** take aspirin (or any medication that contains aspirin) unless your doctor says so. Use of aspirin by teens with colds may increase the risk of developing Reye Syndrome, a rare but serious condition that can be fatal.)

Any Prevention to the Common Cold?
Sooner or later everybody catches a cold. What you can do is strengthening your immune system by exercising regularly, eating healthy foods, and getting enough rest. Try to keep your distance from anyone who has a cold. Stay clear of smokers, too: even secondhand smoke can make people more likely to get sick. Don't use the same towels or spoons as someone else, and don't drink from anyone else's glass, can, or bottle, if you think they are infected with a cold. Researchers aren't sure whether taking extra zinc or vitamin C can limit how long cold symptoms last and how severe they become. But when people take large doses of these every day it can cause negative side effects. Before you decide to take more than the recommended daily amounts of vitamins, talk to your doctor about it! From: [] Website Reviewed by: Larissa Hirsch, MD Date reviewed: October 2006 Originally reviewed by: Kevin P. Sheahan, MD